Implementing the ambitious standard has not been easy, and most of the agencies that are technically in compliance have only barely begun. (See an agency-by-agency progress report by clicking here.) One reason for the slow rollout: At the October deadline, the General Services Administration was still working on its test tool for determining whether a given smart card was interoperable with other components, says Michael Butler, chairman of the Federal Smart Card Interagency Advisory Board and the Department of Defense's access card office director. Once the tool was completed, all players could test their implementations.

Butler adds that during January and February, both vendors and federal agencies were busy making tweaks to their Personal Identity Verification (PIV) cards. "Now, we're getting to the point where at least when you talk to [one vendor or agency's card], it's going to give the same answers back in the same format as [another vendor or agency's card]. That's really the basis for future interoperability," Butler says.

Another wrinkle: The GSA, which as a shared service provider is issuing PIV cards to other agencies for a fee, is renegotiating its contract with BearingPoint, the consulting and systems integration company it hired to issue the cards. Chris Niedermayer, a member of the Executive Steering Committee running the project governmentwide, says the contract was put out again not because of BearingPoint's performance, but because another vendor protested the contract.

Niedermayer, who is associate CIO at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, says that his agency, at least, is not getting any additional new PIV cards from the GSA while the contract is being recompeted. He anticipates that card issuance will restart in July and said the delay could have a plus: He expects the new contract to cost less than the current $120 per person. In the meantime, the USDA has successfully tested the cards using an electronic physical access system at a security turnstile. The department also has set up a test environment for using that same card with a single-sign-on system for users to access up to 236 software applications.