If Democrats take control of the U.S. Congress after Tuesday’s election, expect lawmakers to make relatively few major changes in technology- and telecommunication-related law, but net neutrality and government surveillance programs could be exceptions.

Most tech-related issues in Congress don’t break down along party lines, often making them poor campaign fodder, and debate over the U.S. role in Iraq, combating terrorism, immigration policy and congressional scandals has dominated this campaign season.

Republicans currently control both houses of Congress, but many observers and pollsters expect Democrats to pick up more than the 15 seats they need to gain a majority in the House of Representatives. Democrats need to gain six seats to control the Senate, and most observers say they have to win three of four races in traditionally Republican-voting states to win a majority.

Some observers expect renewed partisan debate on net neutrality and government surveillance after today’s election. Leaders on both sides of the net neutrality debate tactfully say they believe Congress acts in their favor, but in recent months, the issue has largely divided, with most Democrats supporting a law that would prohibit broadband providers from blocking or slowing competing Internet content and most Republicans opposing such a law.

"We think at the end of the day, we’re going to have people come over to our side," said Ed Kutler, a lobbyist for the It’s Our Net Coalition, which wants a net neutrality requirement written into law. "People tend to overthink what happens if Congress shifts."

The net neutrality debate has pitted consumer groups and Internet companies such as eBay and Google against large broadband providers such as AT&T and Comcast. Kutler sees growing grassroots support for a net neutrality provision, and Sen. Ron Wyden, an Oregon Democrat, has repeatedly said he will hold up a broadband bill that would make it easier for telecom carriers to compete with cable television unless it includes a strong net neutrality requirement.

"We’re pretty confident that leaders on both sides of the aisle understand there’s not enough support to have a telecom bill without a strong net neutrality provision," Kutler said.

On the other side, Mike McCurry, co-chairman of the Hands off the Internet coalition opposed to a net neutrality law, said he doesn’t believe majority Democrats would push hard for net neutrality, because new lawmakers who win in traditionally Republican strongholds will not want to vote for new regulations.

Many of the challengers likely to win are "pro-business, moderate" Democrats, said McCurry, once the spokesman for former Democratic President Bill Clinton. "When you say to a Democrat, ‘Do you want to be the party responsible for bringing substantial regulation to the Internet?’ a lot of them stop and think," he said.