When President Bush took office in 2001, his official management agenda set the expansion of e-government as one of its cornerstones. A year later, Bush signed the E-Gov Act, which promised a leaner, more efficient federal government by, among other things, making it easier for citizens to interact with agencies online (see "A More Perfect Union," www.cio.com/printlinks). Yet, despite this emphasis, a report by the General Accounting Office says progress has been mixed, due in no small part to a lack of funding.

The GAO’s report, released in March, looked at the progress of 25 high-profile, e-government projects sponsored by the Office of Management and Budget since 2001. The GAO found that, of the 91 objectives for these initiatives—such as developing a business case for consolidating federal payroll systems—approximately 36 percent were fully or substantially achieved and 40 percent were partially achieved after two years. For the rest, no significant progress was made and a few were abandoned as impractical or inappropriate. (See "Four E-Government Projects: Status Report," Page 34, for more on four of the initiatives.) In May, another e-gov scorecard, this one a status report from the OMB, showed that only two agencies—the State Department and the Agency for International Development—improved their scores from December 2003 to March of this year.

If one drinks out of an e-gov glass that’s half-full, then the fact that many of the original objectives have been achieved speaks for progress. After all, the government has a two-century history as a highly-siloed bureaucracy, and massive transformation isn’t going to take place overnight. Looking at a half-empty glass, the 36 percent success rate is disappointing, especially given that the projects were chosen based on their likelihood of being deployed in 18 to 24 months. And, despite the success of some e-gov projects, many citizens still find it just as difficult to interact with the government online.

Lack of funding for the projects is one obstacle. The E-Gov Act authorized $345 million to pay for these and other projects over four years, but the actual funds allotted by Congress have been inadequate. In fiscal 2003 and 2004, the administration’s request for a total of $90 million was slashed by congressional appropriations committees to $8 million. According to Dave McClure, vice president for e-government at the Council for Excellence in Government think tank, members of Congress have trouble understanding the value of a single fund that supports cross-agency initiatives. Many e-gov projects involve integrating systems among multiple agencies and need a source of money to make this integration happen.