Simply, B2B e-marketplaces are online channels for selling or buying goods and services. They can evolve from extending an online community into commerce or from placing offline processes online. B2B e-commerce rose out of the far simpler business-to-consumer model, which uses the catalog-transact metaphor of retail commerce where a customer browses an electronic catalog of, let’s say, books and clicks to buy the items of choice (a.k.a. the see-buy-get model). This model worked fine for B2C and early e-procurement systems but does not unlock the real power of e-marketplaces for competitive advantage. What’s missing? Collaboration. Because B2B interactions are far more complex than B2C, collaboration?not the transaction?is what B2B e-commerce is about.

Collaborative e-marketplaces go far beyond the first B2B exchanges to add all the business conversations and interactions that surround the catalog-transact component of e-commerce. B2B encounters are not simple see-buy-get transactions. They are long-lived collaborations involving multiparty discovery, negotiation, supply-and-demand planning, joint product design, shared documents and workflows, change management and the many other facets of real-world commerce. Often, multicompany interactions must occur in real-time and cross the political, cultural and legal frameworks of trading partners scattered across the globe.

Boeing provides a world-class example of online collaboration. Boeing designed its 777 in cyberspace by electronically sharing design tools and processes with engineers, customers, maintenance people, project managers and component suppliers across the globe. No physical model. No paper blueprints. The result is the slogan "The 777 is a bunch of parts flying together in close formation." Consequently, Boeing’s customers no longer have to wait three years for a plane. Through its private, collaborative e-marketplace, Boeing aims to deliver a plane in eight to 12 months. And the company expects to build 620 airplanes annually, up from 228 in 1992.

Collaboration does not necessitate revealing all of a company’s competitive secrets. Collaboration proceeds to deeper levels as relationships form and deepen. Relationships can be casual and short-term, or highly selective and deeply rooted, as is often the case with long-standing trading partners. Collaborations can range from open information sharing in public e-marketplaces to privileged information and resources shared in invitation-only collaboration rooms.