To get this project on track, the Swedish railroad (which has 100,000 passengers per day, 350 destinations and $1 billion in annual revenue) turned to service-oriented architecture (SOA)—and to the JBoss Enterprise Platform in particular.

The Swedish railroad's technology challenge isn't unique. Their experience is representative of enterprise IT needs and corporate evolution of SOA adoption, according to Pierre Fricke, director of SOA product line management for JBoss, speaking at the Red Hat Summit.

Fricke described several stages in how corporations evaluate and adopt SOA. For example, SOA adoption has to start with an understanding of how the business process works today, how IT currently serves those needs and how it might do so in the future. IT leaders have to discover their own answers to questions like:

• What should be a service?
• How will services, applications and people interact and communicate?
• How should the services be built and deployed?

Then IT has to figure out how those services should be integrated into the business process infrastructure, and determine the processes and rules, which must be developed and deployed.

Most companies, said Fricke, are in the "infrastructure" stage. They have 10 or 20 services deployed and are discovering that the situation is veering toward the unmanageable. Those companies need a better way to register and manage services, he explained, and to govern them with SLAs and performance management.

Another example of an early adopter—the JBoss SOA platform was just released in February—is North State Communications, a 100-year-old telecom company in High Point, N.C., that was looking for a billing system transformation.

To accommodate demand for next-generation telecom products, Fricke said, the company automated the way it makes services available to customers, using enterprise service busses (ESBs) and the JBoss jBPM, an open-source workflow management system based on J2EE.

These solutions aren't typical, Fricke acknowledged. Open source is "embryonic" in the SOA governance space today. But he sees that as a great opportunity because of a concurrent belief that SOA deployment is going to change by 2010. "Instead of point-to-point integration," he said, "we're going to do more business process management [with SOA]." SOA development will add more governance with large-scale implementations, he believes.