A recent BusinessWeek article detailed a number of examples where the data gathered by information brokers conducting background checks on prospective or current employees was incorrect, or at least disputed, and cost people jobs. Thankfully, you can examine some of your records ahead of time, as you can (and should) do with your credit report, to make sure no surprises pop up when someone else checks them.

The Fair Credit Reporting Act requires companies that store background information to give you access to your data when you request it -- a rule that is much the same as with credit reports. But while you have only three credit-history companies to check, many more information brokerages exist. And unfortunately, you have no one-stop shop where you can collect your data from all of them (as you do for credit reports).

ChoicePoint is one of the better-known companies in the data-collection business, so if you want to check your information, it's a good idea to start with that firm. At ChoicePoint you'll find a "Full File Disclosure Request Form" to send to the company to obtain, for free, the data it might have stored about you in insurance claims, retail theft reports, and other databases it maintains. If the company has performed a previous background check on you, you'll also see the results of that check. If you discover anything out of place, contact ChoicePoint to start the correction process.

One catch: You can receive only the data that a company stores in its own databases. Typically, for a background check purchased by a potential employer, ChoicePoint also retrieves information from other sources, such as your college, at the time it performs the check. And other companies, such as Kroll, don't maintain any data stores of their own but instead retrieve information from courthouses, universities and other sources.

Companies don't have to conduct such research for you for free. If you want to find out what a prospective employer might get from that kind of data-gathering process, you'll have to pay for your own full background check, which starts at around $50.

By law, any employer must obtain your permission to conduct a background check on you. And if the employer uncovers something damaging that might deny you a job or lead to your being fired from your current one, it has to tell you what it learned, and from which data-collection company.